maize mutant phenotypes

reduced endosperm ren3, reduced endosperm: endosperm variably reduced in size from partially filled to empty pericarp; small germ or germless (photo courtesy M. Scanlon).

reduced endosperm ref1, reduced floury endosperm: small, reduced endosperm with dull floury appearance; small embryos present; low frequency of expression on segregating ears (photo courtesy M. Scanlon).